Environmental Science

Environment means surrounding around the earth which comprises four components; Soil, water, Atmosphere, Animals and Plants. In order to survive congenial ecosystem is necessary. However, recently due to Burgeoning, populations and quick economy growth there are various unscrupulous and unplanned developmental activities all over the world are underway. To meet the comforts our natural resources are the main target for exploitation, such as deforestation, mining, industrialization, thermal stations, erection of dams, transportation and colonization etc. As a consequence there are three major challenges; Global warming, food insecurity and loss of biodiversity which need to be reduced or we must look for certain alternatives, where biotechnology and digitalization have great role.

There are Five Environmental Buzzwords are the 5Rs for Efficient Use of Energy and Better Control of Waste, Which Might Help in Sustainable Development and Quality Living:
1. Reduce (Reduction of waste)
2. Reuse (Efficient use of water, energy)
3. Recycle (Recycling of wastes)
4. Replace (Replacement of toxic/hazardous raw materials for more environment- friendly inputs)
5. Recover (useful non-toxic fractions from wastes)
Particularly global warming creates many problems: Climate changes ,Depletion of natural resources, Precipitation reduction, Melting glaciers, snow and the poles and Rising sea levels, spread of diseases such as dengue, malaria, cancer, respiratory, cardiac diseases and mental health of the entire world population, Desertification, Erosion , Extinction of plant and animal species, Reduction of the ozone layer and on socioeconomic development, migration and displacement, Increase in poverty and hunger. Environmental biotechnology, with its appropriate technologies, is suitable to contribute to this trend.
Energy consumption is an indicator of the quality of modern life. India with 15% of the world’s population consumes only 1.5% of the world’ energy production, whereas America with 6.25% of the world’s population consumes 33% of the world’s energy production
It means that all man-​made greenhouse gas emissions must be removed from the atmosphere through reduction measures, thus reducing the Earth’s net climate balance, after removal via natural and artificial sink, to zero. An Indian emitted only 1.97 tonnes of CO 2  (tCO 2 ) annually, while Americans and Canadians both emitted well over 16 tCO 2 . This way humankind would be carbon neutral and global temperature would stabilize. International Panel of Carbon Control (IPCC) has informed that a global net-zero by 2050 was the minimum required to keep the temperature rise to 1.5°C . The data suggest that major contributors of pollution are developing countries.